An automobile, sometimes referred to as a car or motor vehicle, is a self-propelled, four-wheeled motor vehicle for the transportation of passengers and cargo. Its power is provided by an internal combustion engine fueled most commonly by gasoline (petrol), although other fuels such as natural gas, electricity and diesel fuel are used in some automobiles. Its emergence as one of the world’s most common modern technologies is a testament to the ingenuity and imagination of human beings.
OPENS UP THE WORLD
Owning an automobile enables people to travel greater distances, opening up new work possibilities and larger social circles. In addition, errands that would take twice or more the time using public transportation can be accomplished in half the time with an automobile. The ability to drive also makes it easier for families to go on vacations, rediscovering pristine landscapes and allowing them to shop at places that wouldn’t be accessible otherwise.
FUELING THE ECONOMIC ENGINE
The automobile revolutionized America’s economy as it became the backbone of a consumer goods-oriented society. Its demand for petroleum, steel and other ancillary products triggered the development of these industries. It also encouraged the mechanization of manufacturing and increased productivity.
AMERICA’S STRONG DEMAND FOR AN AUTOMOBILE
As automobiles developed, they grew in popularity throughout the world. However, the greatest demand for an automobile originated in the United States due to its vast land area and its relatively equitable distribution of income among the nation’s citizens. This strong demand, combined with the country’s long history of manufacturing, facilitated quick production of cars.
The first cars were powered by steam, electricity and gasoline. The first internal-combustion car was built by Karl Benz in 1885 and patented the following year. Benz added other features, including an accelerator for speed regulation and a battery ignition system. He built a second version with a four-cylinder engine and chassis in which the engine and carriage form a single unit. Other early American automobile manufacturers included Charles Duryea, Frank Duryea, Henry Ford and Ransom E. Olds.
BRAKING THE BULLSEYE
Automobiles brake by applying friction to the wheels or axles. This causes stationary surfaces to contact moving ones, slowing and eventually stopping the automobile. The use of abrasives and other materials to create abrasions on the rotating wheel surface aids this process. Braking is a critical function because it reduces an automobile’s speed and allows it to come to a stop under control. It is a major safety feature that provides drivers and passengers with peace of mind.